I-Diplodia Ear Ear Ezingxenyeni Ezithile ZaseNingizimu Afrika - Lokho Abalimi Okufanele Bakwazi

Imibiko yakamuva yokubola kwezindlebe zeDiplodia kwezinye izingxenye zaseNingizimu Afrika idale ukukhathazeka okukhulu kubalimi bommbila. Abaningi bakhathazekile ngomthelela wekhwalithi yokusanhlamvu kanye nokwehliswa kwekhwalithi okungaba khona, okungase kuthinte intengo nenzuzo. Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza ukuthi kuyini ukubola kwezindlebe ze-Diplodia, izimbangela zayo, izimpawu, izindlela zokulawula, nokuthi kuthinta kanjani ukuthengiswa kokusanhlamvu. Sizophinde sihlinzeke ngamasu okuphatha nokukuvimbela kumasizini azayo.

Iyini I-Diplodia Ear Ear?

I-Diplodia ear rot isifo sokukhunta esibangelwa i-Stenocarpella maydis , evame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezitshala ummbila, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zonyaka ezinomswakama ophezulu. Ithinta kakhulu izikhwebu zommbila, okuholela eqophelweni eliphansi lokusanhlamvu, ukungcoliswa kwe-mycotoxin, nokuncipha kwenani lemakethe.

Izimbangela Zokubola Kwendlebe Kwe-Diplodia

Lesi sifo sikhula kahle ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zemvelo:

• Umswakama ophezulu kanye nezimo ezimanzi ngesikhathi sokugcwala okusanhlamvu nokuvuthwa. Ngesizini yokukhiqiza ka-2024/25, isomiso sokuqala kanye nezimvula zamuva ezithatha isikhathi eside bekungabangela ukwanda kungazelelwe kwezifo ezikhunta.
• Ukutshala ummbila okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo ngendlela efanele. Ukulima ummbila ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo ngendlela efanele kwandisa ingozi yokubola kwezindlebe ze-Diplodia. Isikhunta esibangela lezi zifo siphila ensaleni yommbila, ngakho amasimu anezinsalela zommbila ashiywe phezulu adala indawo ekahle yokutheleleka ngezifo ngesizini ezayo.
• Izici zengcindezi yezitshalo ezifana nokudla okunomsoco, ukulimala kwesichotho, noma ukulimala kwezinambuzane ezidala izindawo zokungena zesikhunta.

Izimpawu ze-Diplodia Ear Ear

Abalimi kufanele baqaphele izimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukukhula kwesikhunta esimhlophe esiqala phansi kwesikhwebu, kamuva sibe nsundu noma sibe mpunga.
• Izinhlamvu ezomile, ezingasindi ezishintshile futhi ezishwabene.
• Ukubola kwesikhwebu , kuvame ukudlulela ekujuleni kokusanhlamvu.
• Ukubambelela kwehusk , okwenza kube nzima ukuhlukana nesikhwebu.

Umthelela Emakethe Yezinhlamvu

Ukuba khona kwe-Diplodia ear rot emmbila kuthinta izinga lokusanhlamvu kanye nembuyiselo yezomnotho ngalezi:

• Yehla ukusuka ebangeni lokuqala kuye kwelesibili noma ngisho nebanga lokuphakelayo ngenxa yekhwalithi ephansi ye-kernel kanye nokungcoliswa yisikhunta.
• Intengo eyehlisiwe ngethani , njengoba ummbila wekhwalithi ephansi uheha inani eliphansi lemakethe.
• Ukwenyuka kwezingozi zokwenqatshwa kuma-silo kanye namazinga okugreda aqinile ngabathengi.
• Izingozi ezingaba khona zokudla uma amazinga e-mycotoxin edlula izinga lokuphepha kwemfuyo.

Yini Abalimi Abangayenza Manje?

Uma usola ukuthi i-Diplodia indlebe ibolile emmbila wakho, cabanga ngalezi zinyathelo:

• Hlola ikhwalithi yakho yokusanhlamvu ngaphambi kokudiliva ezinqolobaneni ukuze uhlole ubungozi bokwehliswa okungenzeka.
• Vuna amasimu athintekile kusenesikhathi ukuze uvimbele ukubhebhetheka kwezifo.
• Hlukanisa okusanhlamvu okuthelelekile kumaqoqo anempilo ukuze unciphise ukungcola.
• Xhumana nabathengi nezindawo zokugcina ukuze uqonde umthelela wokugreda nokulungiswa kwamanani entengo.

Imihlahlandlela Yokuvuna Nokugcina

Izinqubo ezifanele zokuvuna nokugcina zingasiza ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ngenxa yokubola kwezindlebe ze-Diplodia:

• Vuna kusenesikhathi ukuze unciphise ukukhula kwesikhunta, ikakhulukazi uma isimo esimanzi siqhubeka.
• Lungisa izilungiselelo zokuhlanganisa ukuze unciphise ukulimala kwe-kernel, njengoba izikhwebu eziqhekekile zingenwa kalula yisikhunta.
• Khulisa isivinini sabalandeli kumshini wokuvuna ohlanganisayo ukuze usize ukususa okusanhlamvu okungasindi, okubolile, izinhlawulo, nezinhlayiya zothuli. Le nqubo yehlisa izinga eliphelele lokungcoliswa kwe-mycotoxin endaweni yokusanhlamvu.
• Yomisa okusanhlamvu ngokushesha kumazinga omswakama ngaphansi kuka-13% ukuze uvimbele ukukhula kwesikhunta.
• Hlanza izindawo zokugcina kahle ngaphambi kokugcina okusanhlamvu okusha ukuze ususe noma yiziphi izinhlamvu ezisele zesikhunta.
• Gada okusanhlamvu okugciniwe njalo ukuze uthole izimpawu zokukhunta noma ukunqwabelana kwe-mycotoxin, futhi uqinisekise ukungena komoya owanele ukuze ugcine amazinga omswakama afanele.
• Hlukanisa okusanhlamvu okuthelelekile kumaqoqwana anempilo ukuze uvimbele ukungcoliseka ngesikhathi sokulondoloza.

Ukuphatha I-Diplodia Ear Rot Isizini Elandelayo

Amasu okuvimbela nokuphatha enkathi yokutshala elandelayo ahlanganisa:

• Ukujikeleziswa Kwezitshalo: Gwema ukutshala ummbila emasimini afanayo ngokulandelana; zungezisa nezitshalo ezingezona ezobamba njengobhontshisi wesoya.
• Ukukhetha Okuxubile: Khetha izinhlobo zommbila ezikwazi ukumelana nezindlebe ezivale kahle.
• Ukulawulwa Kwezinsalela: Gcwaba noma susa isitshalo esinegciwane ukuze unciphise inoculum yesikhunta.
• Ukutshala Ngesikhathi: Gwema ukutshala sekwephuzile okungase kuhambisane nezikhathi zomswakama ophezulu ngesikhathi sokugcwaliswa okusanhlamvu.
• Imikhuba Emihle Yezolimo: Qinisekisa ukudla okunomsoco kwezitshalo, gwema izitshalo eziningi ngokweqile, futhi ulawule izinambuzane ezingase zidale amanxeba okungenwa izifo.

Imicabango yokugcina

Nakuba ukubola kwezindlebe ze-Diplodia kuphathelene, izinyathelo ezisheshayo zingasiza ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwezimali kule sizini futhi kuvimbele izifo ezizayo. Ukufafaza nge-fungicide akusebenzi kahle ekulawuleni ukubola kwezindlebe ze-diplodia. Ngakho-ke, abalimi kufanele basebenzise izindlela zokuphatha ezinciphisa ubungozi bezifo ezinkathini zonyaka ezizayo. Sizoqhubeka nokukunikeza izibuyekezo ezizokuqondisa kulezi zinselele namathuba okuphumelela njengomlimi.