ENingizimu Afrika, ukulima kommbila kuyisitshalo sokusanhlamvu esibaluleke kakhulu, abalimi bavame ukunquma phakathi kommbila oguqulwe ngofuzo (GM) kanye nongewona oweGM. Lesi sinqumo asithinti isivuno kuphela kodwa nezindleko, izinqubo zokuphatha, kanye nenani lemakethe yokusanhlamvu. Ukusiza abalimi baseNingizimu Afrika ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi, ake sihlole umehluko obalulekile phakathi kommbila weGM nowe-non-GM, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwawo, izinzuzo, kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha ezidingekayo.

Ummbila we-GM: Uguqulwe Ngofuzo Ukuze Uthole Izimpawu Ezithuthukisiwe

Ummbila weGM uthuthukiswa ngenqubo yesayensi lapho izakhi zofuzo ezithile zifakwa kuDNA yommbila. Lezi zakhi zofuzo, ezivame ukutholakala kwezinye izitshalo noma izinto eziphilayo, zikhethwa ngenxa yezici zazo ezifiselekayo. Izinguquko ezimbili ezijwayelekile kummbila weGM yilezi:

1. Ummbila we-Bt: Uqukethe isakhi sofuzo esivela ku-bacterium i-Bacillus thuringiensis, ekhiqiza iphrotheni enobuthi ezinambuzaneni ezithile ezifana ne-African maze stalk borer kanye ne-Fall armyworm. Lokhu kumelana nezinambuzane okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kunciphisa isidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali.
2. Ummbila Olungele I-Roundup: Wenzelwe ukumelana nezibulala-khula ezisekelwe ku-glyphosate, njenge-Roundup, ovumela abalimi ukuthi basebenzise le mibulala-khula ukuze kulawuleke ukhula ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokulimaza isilimo sommbila.

Ummbila Ongewona Owe-GM: Izindlela Zokuzalanisa Ngokwesintu

Ummbila ongewona oweGM uthuthukiswa ngezindlela zokuzalanisa zendabuko, ezibandakanya ukukhethwa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo ezinezici ezifiselekayo ezizukulwaneni eziningi. Le nqubo yemvelo ayibandakanyi ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okuqondile. Ummbila ongewona oweGM udinga amasu okuphatha ahlukene ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu.

Ukuqhathanisa Kwesivuno: Okungenzeka vs. Isivuno Sangempela

Amandla esivuno sakho kokubili ummbila weGM nowe-non-GM ancike kakhulu ezintweni ezifana nekhwalithi yenhlabathi, izimo zezulu, kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha. Nasi isibonelo esiwumfanekiso:

• I-GMO Hybrid Maize ene-Bt kanye ne-Roundup Ready Technologies:

  • Isivuno Okungenzeka: 20 tons/ha
  • Isivuno Sangempela: 15-17 tons/ha (ngenxa yokuncipha kokulahlekelwa yizilokazane nokhula)

• Non-GMO Hybrid Umbila:

  • Isivuno Okungenzeka: 20 tons/ha
  • Isivuno Sangempela: 12-14 tons/ha (ngenxa yokwanda kokulahlekelwa ngenxa yokucindezela kwezinambuzane nokhula)

Imikhuba Yokuphatha: Okufanele Ukwazi

Ngommbila we-GMO:

1. Ukusetshenziswa Kwemithi Yokubulala Ukhula: Ummbila Olungele I-Roundup ungamelana nemithi yokubulala ukhula esekelwe ku-glyphosate, okuvumela ukulawula ukhula ngempumelelo. Izibonelo zifaka i-Roundup neminye imikhiqizo ye-glyphosate.
2. Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane: Ummbila we-Bt wehlisa isidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali ngokukhiqiza amaprotheni anobuthi ezinambuzaneni ezithile. Isebenza ngempumelelo ekulweni nezinambuzane ezifana ne-African maize stalk borer kanye ne-Fall armyworm, ummbila we-Bt usiza ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwesivuno.
3. Ukulawula Ukumelana: Sebenzisa imbewu yokukhosela ukutshala ummbila ongeyona i-Bt eduze nommbila we-Bt. Lo mkhuba usiza ekulawuleni ukumelana nezinambuzane ngokuhlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlala yezinambuzane ezingavezwa ubuthi be-Bt.

Ngommbila Ongewona Owe-GM:

1. Ukulawulwa Okudidiyelwe Kwezinambuzane: Sebenzisa ukulawula kwebhayoloji, ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo, kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ukuze ulawule izinambuzane.
2. Ukulawula Ukhula: Sebenzisa ukuhlakula ngomshini, izitshalo zokumboza, kanye nezibulala-khula ezikhethiwe. Gwema ukusebenzisa imithi yokubulala ukhula eyenziwe nge-glyphosate njenge-Roundup emmbila ongeyona i-GMO, ngoba izobhubhisa izitshalo.

Okubalulekile okubalulekile: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abalimi bangasebenzisi izibulala-khula ze-Roundup ukulawula ukhula emmbila ongewona owe-GM. Ukwenza kanjalo kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni kwazo zonke izitshalo zakho. Ngokulawulwa ngempumelelo kokhula nezilokazane, abalimi bombila abangewona abe-GM basengakwazi ukukhulisa isivuno sangempela.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwezomnotho: Izindleko vs. Intengo Yemakethe

Njengomlimi, nawe ungusomabhizinisi. Kubalulekile ukuthi kubhekwe izindleko eziphelele zokukhiqiza ummbila we-GM uma uqhathaniswa ne-non-GM kanye nenani lokusanhlamvu emakethe. Ezimakethe eziningi okuhlanganisa neNingizimu Afrika, okusanhlamvu okungeyona i-GM ngokuvamile kubiza inani eliphezulu kunommbila weGM, kodwa izindleko zokukhiqiza zingase zibe phezulu kancane, kuye ngezimo zokukhiqiza.

Isiphetho

Kokubili ummbila weGM kanye nowe-non-GM unikeza izinzuzo nezinselelo eziyingqayizivele. Ukukhetha phakathi kwazo kufanele kuncike ezimeni zakho zepulazi, amandla okuphatha, kanye nezidingo zemakethe. Ngokuqonda umehluko obalulekile kanye nezidingo, ungenza isinqumo esingcono kakhulu somsebenzi wakho wokulima.