Umhlahlandlela Osheshayo Wokukhiqiza Ummbila eNingizimu Afrika

Ummbila, isitshalo segolide saseNingizimu Afrika, uyisizinda sikagesi esinamahektha angaphezu kwesigidi esingu-1.6 esilinywayo kanye namathani ayizigidi eziyi-16 akhiqizwa minyaka yonke. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungcweti noma usanda kuqala, le vidiyo iyisitolo sakho esisheshayo somhlahlandlela wempumelelo!

Ikhwalithi Yomhlabathi njengemfuneko yangaphambilini yempumelelo

Uma uzophumelela, kufanele uqonde ukuthi isisekelo sanoma yisiphi isilimo sommbila esiphumelelayo siqala ngokuqonda izinga lomhlabathi wakho. Ukuhlola umhlabathi kuwumkhuba obalulekile oveza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana namazinga e-pH, okuqukethwe kwezakhi, kanye nokuthungwa kwenhlabathi. Isibonelo, inhlabathi enesihlabathi ivamise ukulahlekelwa umsoco ngokushesha, kube nomthelela empilweni yezitshalo kuyilapho inhlabathi yobumba inamandla okubamba amanzi aphezulu kanye nomthamo wokushintshaniswa kwe-cation (CEC). Ukwazi izici zomhlabathi wakho kukuvumela ukuba wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuvundisa kanye nezichibiyelo, uqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zommbila wakho zithola umsoco eziwudingayo ukuze ufeze imigomo yakho yesivuno. Ungatshali imbewu yakho yommbila ungawazi umhlabathi wakho!

Ukutholakala Kwamanzi

Izitshalo zommbila zidinga amanzi! Amanzi ayimpilo yazo zonke izilimo. Ukuhlola ukutholakala kwamanzi kuyisinyathelo esilandelayo esibalulekile. Nquma ukuthi umkhiqizo wakho wommbila uzoncika yini ezimweni zemvula noma uzodinga ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokunisela. Ukulima okunemvula kuncike emvuleni yemvelo, okungase kungabonakali njengoba sifundile ngomcimbi we-El Nino ka-2024, kuyilapho ukunisela kunikeza amanzi alawulwayo futhi angashintshi, abalulekile ekukhuliseni isivuno. Kodwa ukuchelela kubiza imali. Kunezinhlobo zembewu yommbila ezijwayele isimo sokudla imvula kanye nezinye izimo zokunisela.

Ukukhetha Izinhlobo Zombila Ezilungile

Ukukhetha uhlobo lommbila olufanele kuyisinqumo esibalulekile. ENingizimu Afrika, abalimi bangakhetha phakathi kommbila we-non-GM kanye ne-GM, kanye nommbila ophuzi noma omhlophe. Noma ngabe usebenzisa izimbewu zommbila ze-GM noma ezingezona eze-GM, amandla esivuno ahlala ekhona ezimbewu zommbila ezisesigabeni esifanayo. Umehluko ukuthi izinhlobo ze-GM zinikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ezinambuzaneni esimweni sommbila we-BT futhi zithuthukise ukulawulwa kokhula ngama-hybrids abekezelela i-glyphosate. Nokho, abalimi abakhetha ummbila ongewona oweGM basengakwazi ukuzuza isivuno esifanayo uma bephatha kahle izitshalo zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cabangela ukuvuthwa kwezinhlobonhlobo—ekuqaleni, okuphakathi, noma sekwephuzile. Izinhlobo ezikhula ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ezivame ukubekezelela izitshalo eziphezulu, zilungele izindawo ezinezikhathi zokukhula ezimfishane noma eziniselwa ngenkasa ezindaweni eziningi zezitshalo. Izinhlobo ezikhula sekwephuzile, ezidinga isikhathi esengeziwe ukuze zivuthwe, zilungele izifunda ezinezikhathi ezinde zokukhula kodwa kufanele zitshalwe ezindaweni eziminyana eziphansi.

Ukutshala Nokuphatha Izakhi

Asikhulume ngokutshala. Izindlela zokutshala ngendlela efanele kanye nokuphatha izakhi kubalulekile ukuze isilimo sommbila sibe yimpumelelo. I-pH yomhlabathi ithinta ukutholakala kwemisoco ezitshalweni. Isibonelo, inhlabathi ene-asidi inganciphisa ukumuncwa kwezakhi. Isivuno sommbila sikhula kahle ku-pH cishe ku-5.8-7.0. Uma i-pH iphansi, ukufakwa kukalika kuyadingeka ngokuphelele. Ngokusebenzisa i-NPK efanele (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium) ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwenhlabathi, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zakho zinemisoco edingekayo ukuze zikhule. Kuwo wonke amathani ommbila okhiqizwayo, cishe u-20-25 kg weNitrogen, 5-7 kg wePhosphorus, kanye no-15-20 kg wePotassium. Lawa manani akusiza ukuthi ulinganisele izivuno ezingaba khona ngehektha ngalinye ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwakho kwezakhi. Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi abalimi akufanele batshale emhlabathini omuncu!

Ukulawula Ukhula kanye Nombila Olungile Oyi-Roundup

Ukulawula ukhula ngendlela ephumelelayo kubalulekile ekwandiseni isivuno sommbila. Ukhula luhlala luqhudelana nommbila lufuna amanzi, imisoco, nokukhanya, lunciphise ukukhiqiza. Ummbila Olungile we-Roundup uyabekezelela i-glyphosate, isibulala-zinambuzane esibanzi. Abalimi abatshalayo Imbewu yommbila eyi-Roundup Ready ingalawula kangcono ukhula ngokufaka i-glyphosate ngaphandle kokulimaza isivuno sommbila. Lobu buchwepheshe benza ukuphatha ukhula kube lula, kunciphisa ukusebenza, futhi kungathuthukisa isivuno ngokunciphisa ukuncintisana okhula. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abatshala ummbila ongewona owe-GM bangakwazi futhi ukulawula ukhula ngempumelelo ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezididiyelwe zokulawula ukhula, okuhlanganisa ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo, ukutshala ngomshini, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula ehlonishwayo.

Ukuqapha Izitshalo kanye Nokulawulwa Kwezinambuzane

Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane kubalulekile phakathi nenkathi yokukhula. Hlola njalo amasimu akho ukuze uthole izimpawu zezinambuzane nezifo, futhi usebenzise izindlela zokulawula ezifanele njengoba kudingeka. Ummbila we-Bt, unikeza isivikelo esakhelwe ngaphakathi ezinambuzaneni ezithile, njenge-African maze stalk borer kanye ne-corneaworm. Ummbila we-Bt ukhiqiza iphrotheni enobuthi kulezi zinambuzane uma udliwe, unciphisa ngempumelelo umonakalo wezinambuzane kanye nesidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali. Khumbula ukubheka izimiso zokulawula ukumelana nezinambuzane ngokutshala ummbila we-Bt.

Emmbila ongewona oweGM, i-integrated pest management (IPM) iyindlela ephumelelayo yokulawula izinambuzane nezifo. I-IPM ihlanganisa izinqubo zebhayoloji, amasiko, kanye namakhemikhali ukuze kulawuleke isibalo sezinambuzane ngempumelelo, kuncishiswe ukulimala kwezitshalo nokuqinisekisa isivuno esinempilo. Le ndlela ehlanganisa zonke izinto ayigcini nje ngokuvikela isilimo sakho kodwa futhi ikhuthaza ukusimama kwemvelo.

Isiphetho

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo ezibanzi—ukuqonda izinga lomhlabathi, ukuhlola ukutholakala kwamanzi, ukukhetha uhlobo lommbila olufanele, ukuphatha imisoco ngendlela efanele, ukulinganisa amathuba esivuno, ukusebenzisa amasu aqinile okulawula ukhula, nokuzijwayeza ukuqapha njalo nokulawula izinambuzane—ungazuza isivuno esiphezulu sommbila nempumelelo enkulu emisebenzini yakho yokulima.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe nezisetshenziswa, vakashela isiteshi se-YouTube se-Farm Connection.

Ukulima okujabulisayo!